![]() ![]() You can order your sections in the most logical way to explain your ideas. However, remember that some sections will require more explanation, and you may need to separate this information into multiple paragraphs. Providing three body sections with one point each that supports the thesis should provide the reader with enough detail to be convinced of your argument or fully understand the concept you are explaining. Both the second and third body sections should follow the same pattern. There should be two to three supporting points: reasons, facts, statistics, quotations, examples, or a mix of these. The first body section or paragraph should focus on one of your main points and provide evidence to support that point. That is, you only want to mention the content of the body paragraphs you do not want to go in to a lot of detail and repeat what will be in the rest of the essay. The introduction should state the topic of your paper: your thesis statement as well as brief signposts of what information the rest of the paper will include. For the rest of this chapter, the term paragraph will also imply section.Īn expository essay, regardless of its purpose, should have at least five sections, which are: ![]() 5 : Classification, some essay forms may require even more than five paragraphs or sections because of how many points are necessary to address. Instead, if you think of your essays being divided into sections (with possibly more than one paragraph per section), your writing will likely be more organized and allow your reader to follow your presentation of ideas without creating too much distance between your paragraph’s supporting points and its topic sentence.Īs you will see in Section 4. Your paragraphs should be two-third of a page at most, and never longer than a page. If your paragraphs are too long, they likely have too many ideas and your reader may become confused. If you divide the required word count by five paragraphs (1,500 by 5), you end with 300 words per paragraph, way above the number you should have in a paragraph. You already know that each paragraph should be roughly 75 to 200 words long. To understand further why you need to think beyond the five-paragraph essay, imagine you have been asked to submit a six-page paper (approximately 1,500 words). You should instead think of your essay in terms of sections (there may be five), and each section may have multiple paragraphs. The Structure of an Expository Essayīefore looking at the general structure of an expository essay, you first need to know that in your post-secondary education, you should not consider your essay as writing being constructed with five paragraphs as you might have been used to in high school. In the following sections of the chapter, you will practise doing this more in different expository written forms. ![]() You may actually be doing this all the time for example, when you are giving someone directions to a place or explaining how to cook something. This is the same process that you would use when you write an expository essay. Telling these four elements to your classmates would give them a complete, yet summarized, picture of the theory, so they could apply the theory in future discussions.Īlthough you did this verbally, you were still fulfilling the elements of an expository essay by providing definition, details, explanations, and maybe even facts if you have a really good memory. What are the key elements on which you would focus? How would you organize the information? You could explain who came up with the theory, the specific area of study to which it is related, its purpose, and the significant details to explain the theory. Imagine you need to verbally explain a concept to your classmates, maybe a behavioural theory. It is purely informative and often contains elements of summary. It may also include the writer outlining steps of a procedure in a way that is straightforward for the reader to follow. An expository essay allows the writer the opportunity to explain his or her ideas about a topic and to provide clarity for the reader by using: Many of your future academic workplace writing assignments will be expository–explaining your ideas or the significance of a concept or action.
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![]() ![]() You can input which member of the team member is responsible for each task.This professional Gantt chart Excel template for project management has quite valuable features to help you manage and track the progress of your projects, such as: Project management Gantt chart Excel templateĭownload: Project management Gantt chart Excel template Each person has a different bar color, making it easy to spot when someone has multiple tasks at the same time. The bar colors in this template are based on the assignee name. You can also use it for hourly labor scheduling. Use this template to plan short-duration tasks and map them to a timeline under 24 hours. This project schedule Gantt chart Excel template with an hourly timeline can help you plan daily activities in small time increments. Hourly schedule Gantt chart Excel templateĭownload: Hourly Gantt chart Excel template You can also use the scroll bar to see a range of future years in the timeline area. This template has a monthly timeline spanning three years, but you can remove or add more years as needed. It can also guide planning and mapping smaller tasks, so you never miss any deadlines. The high-level overview allows you to know what needs to be done for the next few months. Monthly timeline Gantt chart excel templateĭownload: Monthly timeline Gantt chart Excel templateĪ monthly timeline template is a great way to stay on top of your projects. The bars show the total weeks each task will take based on the start dates and end dates you inputted. By default, it gives you a weekly timeline that covers one year, with the scroll bar at the top-right allowing view periods up to four years long. This template is excellent for short and medium-term projects. Weekly timeline Gantt chart Excel templateĭownload: Weekly timeline Gantt chart Excel template As the timeline shows daily granularity, this template is best for planning short-term projects. You can change the range of the dates displayed in the timeline area by using the scroll bar on the top-right. The daily timeline shows only workdays (Monday to Friday). You can see all the works mapped out and how long the whole project will take. However, this template is powerful enough to visualize your project schedules. There are no progress tracking, subtasks, dependencies, and resource management features. It has basic features to visualize your project tasks in a daily timeline. This Microsoft Excel Gantt chart template contains the essential elements needed to create a Gantt chart. □ Basic Gantt chart Excel templateĭownload: Basic Gantt chart Excel template The task bars will update automatically, showing a visualization of your project schedule. Our Excel Gantt chart templates below are fully “automated”. Automated Gantt chart templates in Excel (FREE download) Instead, you can download and use the Gantt chart Excel templates discussed below. But creating your own Gantt chart from scratch can take up a lot of your time. If you’re a project manager, regardless of the industry you’re working in, Gantt charts can be a very useful tool for managing your projects. ![]() ![]() A review comparing different brief assessment tools for cognitive impairment listed the MoCA’s disadvantages as lacking studies in general practice settings, an education bias (12 years), limited use and evidence due to published data being relatively new (2005) and an administration time of over 10min. The MoCA has been found to be superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) as a global assessment tool, particularly in discerning earlier stages of cognitive decline. The MoCA has been validated in many conditions including MCI, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s Disease dementia. ![]() Their average scores were 27.4, 22.1 and 16.2, respect ively. The original study was carried out on 90 controls, 94 patients with MCI and 93 patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. ![]() The MoCA is validated for use in 55–85 year olds. Attention, concentration and working memory are evaluated using a sustained attention task (target detection using tapping), a serial subtraction task and digits forward and backward. Visuospatial abilities are assessed using a clock-drawing task and a trail-making task which is said to be useful in assessing fitness to drive. Many of the elements are familiar or similar to other tests of cognitive function. These are Visuospatial/Executive, Naming, Memory, Attention, Language, Abstraction, Delayed Recall and Orientation (to time and place). The MoCA assesses several cognitive domains. A less than satisfactory score would suggest the need for referral to a specialist for further assessment. In my opinion and experience, the MoCA is suitable and very useful as a convenient screening tool for use in the occupational health clinic by occupational health doctors and nurses. The test may be administered by anyone who understands and follows the instructions but the website states that only a health professional with expertise in the cognitive field should interpret the results. MoCA is free for use by universities, foundations, health professionals, hospitals, clinics and public health institutes. A score of 26 or above is considered normal. ![]() The assessment consists of a 30 point test on a single side of A4 and can be administered in 10min. A comprehensive website provides the test, instructions, normative data, references, frequently asked questions and permissions and updates. The MoCA may be useful in the occupational health setting for detecting MCI or early dementia especially as the workforce ages. The prevalence of MCI in population-based epidemiological studies ranges from 3 to 19% in adults older than 65 years and more than half progress to dementia within 5 years. MCI is a syndrome defined as cognitive decline greater than expected for an individual’s age and education level but that does not interfere not ably with activities of daily life. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was developed by Dr Ziad Nasreddine in Montreal, Canada in 1995 for the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by health professionals. ![]() ![]() Atoms ofĭifferent elements have different weight and otherĭalton’s law of multiple proportions: Atoms ofĭifferent elements combine in whole-number ratio.īy haade - En, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia/w/index.php?curid= Dalton: Atomic Theory The atom hypothesis explains: Definite Proportions (Proust) Equivalent Proportions (Richter) Multiple Proportions (Dalton) The Atom Hypothesis AllĪtoms of a given element are identical. To create or destroy a particle of hydrogen’Įvery element has its unique kind of atom. System, or to annihilate one already in existence, as We might as wellĪttempt to introduce a new planet into the solar ‘No new creation or destruction of matter is within ![]() Par wellcomeimages/indexplus/obf_images/56/cc/016e0ae305e97524425fbfe50c53.jpgGallery: wellcomeimages/indexplus/image/V0006489.htmlWellcomeĬollection gallery (): wellcomecollection/works/d9pg6efd CC-BY-4, CC BY 4, commons.wikimedia/w/index.php?curid=3642 2189 John DaltonĪll matter was composed of solid, indivisible and ![]() Published June 25, 1823, in Manchester and London. Worthington after an 1814 painting by William Allen, John Dalton, F.R., engraved by William Henry # fictional or metaphysical entity as what Public Domain, commons.wikimedia/w/index.php?curid= Concept of Atoms ![]() What we can know about elements are what we can decompose and analyse. Of the ultimate particles is a waste of time. Not exactly atomic theory but the idea is there. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.Ĭorpuscular theory. Atoms, Molecules and the Periodic TableĪbdera, Thrace: Everything is made of atom. Atomic Theory: John Dalton From Alchemy to Chemistry III. ![]() ![]() It will turn itself right-side up once it’s folded into fourths. Then, you’ll put the picture in the upper-left corner – upside down. There are so many cute sayings you can use when you turn my dog pictures into DIY valentines.īut first, you’ll want to copy/paste the illustration from its original PDF into a word processor document. Set up a stage for a puppet show, or just let your kids play doggies on the floor or at the table. ![]() Next, they’ll paste extra-large crafting sticks to the backs as handles. Then they’ll cut out the outline and paste the two pieces together – this is just to reinforce the flimsier computer paper. Your kids can bring my dog pictures to life by making puppets-on-sticks with them.įirst, they’ll color in, cut out the dogs they want to use, and then trace them against cardstock or other stiff paper. If you have access to a spiralizer binder, use that to connect the picture portion and the graph portion.īut if, like most people, you don’t, try punching holes in the bottom of the picture page and the top of the graph page and connecting them with O-rings. Next, you can either create the calendar graph on the computer or freehand it. You’ll need to first copy and paste the pictures into word processor documents, with the orientation set to landscape. You can DIY your own dog calendars with my illustrations and jazz up that wall that has been looking kinda bland. You and/or your kids can color in the dogs, cut them out, and paste them into the bags, ensuring the glue goes all the way to the edge of the cut-outs. You just need regular brown paper bags and as many dog print-outs as you have guests. Doggy Gift Bagsįor the most paw-some party favors, none but these cute doggy gift bags will do! Then they can cut out feet from construction paper – as well as a tail! 13. They’ll paste the face on the toilet paper roll near the opening at the top of the TP roll is sitting vertically. Your kids will pick which dog face they want to use (you’ll likely have to resize it before printing), color it in, and cut it out. Toilet Paper Roll Dogsįor a fun craft that is perfect for preschoolers and kindergarteners, you will need a few regular toilet paper rolls – and if they’re brown, all the better. Then, for a finishing touch, they can make a cover out of construction paper, three-hole punch the entire project, and connect the pages with O-rings or even twine or ribbon. They can seek out facts online or in books and write them directly on the sheets before coloring them in. If your kid is bored and looking for something to do, set them to this task: creating a dog fact booklet, using my dog pictures as the pages. Here are 10 creative, fun, and cheap craft activities that you can do with the above coloring pages! 15. Here are some free printable Caillou coloring pages for kids.15 Craft Ideas To Do With Dog Coloring Pages ![]() ![]() ![]() This animated TV series is about their interesting stories in their daily lives. Caillou is a four-year-old boy who has a two-year-old sister Rosie, adorable kitten Gilbert, Mom, Dad, and lots of neighborhood friends. ![]() ![]() ![]() Given how challenging the current market is, they have done a fantastic job to meet our needs with their expertise, professionalism and effectiveness. ★★★★★ It has been a brilliant experience to work with both Phil and Jardelle at Ascot Mortgages to secure a great mortgage product for our next home. never waiting for staff to get back and always kept me in the loop. I can recommend them completely especially because they can search the whole spectrum of mortgage lenders and meet the clients needs. Ascot were efficient from start to finish. Attend the closing meeting, sign the required paperwork, and transfer funds for your down payment and closing costs to receive the keys to your brand new home!Ĭredible makes it easy to compare rates from multiple lenders and find the best mortgage lenderfor your needs.5.0 ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Based on 136 reviews from review us on Hello at NLP West M. Also, be sure to shop around for homeowners insurance as some lenders will require proof of it before funding your loan. ![]() Next, prepare for closing by reviewing the paperwork you’ll sign, if available. Do a final walkthrough of the home to make sure it’s ready to move in. Do the final walkthrough and prepare for closing.If you meet its eligibility requirements, an appraisal will be done to determine how much the home is worth. A lender will review your documents and information to determine if you’re eligible. Be prepared to submit important documents, such as W-2 forms, bank statements, tax returns, and more. If your offer is accepted, complete and submit your lender’s mortgage application. Hire a real estate agent in your area if you need help. When you find the home you’re looking for, place an offer on it based on comparable homes in the area. Search for and make an offer on a home.Be sure to compare key factors, such as fees, APRs, closing costs, and mortgage insurance. Comparison shopping for a mortgage can help ensure you get the best deal available to you. This letter gives you an estimate of how much you may qualify to borrow and shows sellers (and real estate agents) you’re a serious buyer. Before you find a home, it’s a good idea to get a pre-approval letter for a loan from several lenders. To get the best deal possible, check your credit report for errors and look for ways to improve your score (like paying down other debts) before applying. And if you qualify, your credit helps determine your loan amount and interest rate. Your credit history and credit score are key factors lenders consider to determine whether you qualify for a mortgage. If you need help, consider using a mortgage affordability calculator. First, review your monthly income, expenses, and debt to see how much you can afford to spend on a down payment, closing costs, monthly mortgage payment, mortgage insurance, and any homeowners association fees. This type of insurance protects a lender in case you’re unable to repay your loan. Private mortgage insurance, or PMI, is usually required if you take out a conventional loan (one that’s not backed by the government) with a down payment that’s less than 20%. Escrow costs - If you choose to use an escrow accountor your lender requires it, your property taxes and insurance premiums (such as homeowner’s insurance or mortgage insurance) will be included in your mortgage payment.In the early years of your mortgage, a larger portion of your payment will go toward paying interest. ![]() Your interest rate and loan term determine how much you’ll pay over the life of the loan. Interest - This is the amount a lender charges you for borrowing money.As you pay down your loan over years, the amount of your payment that goes toward the principal increases. Principal balance - This is the amount you originally borrowed a portion of your mortgage payment is applied directly to your outstanding loan balance.What are the parts of a mortgage payment?Ī mortgage payment includes principal and interest, and sometimes additional costs are rolled into the loan. ![]() ![]() ![]() I have to admit that I always travel with 2 devices, and this solution has come in handy on more than one occasion while sitting in a hotel working on a customer solution. My experience so far has been that this solution will work on most any Windows 10 device that supports Miracast, but in lab testing, I only used a Surface Book 2, Surface Go, and Surface Pro 4. You can click Win+P again to choose extend display.Ĥ. Under the 'Select and rearrange displays' section, click the Identify button to determine. Select the Surface Pro 4 device from above to connect the second monitorģ. To rearrange displays on Windows 10, use these steps: Open Settings. Choose the option to Connect to a wireless display:Ģ. Type Win+P and choose “Connect to a Wireless Display.” (It shows up if you are on the same network.)Ĭ. Open the Windows Message Center and Projectī. As with most Microsoft solutions, we have options. Type Connect and verify the application is installedġ. Click on the Windows icon lower left hand corner of the screenĢ. For the example below, I have a Surface Book 2 that I am using as my primary machine, and a Surface Pro 4 that I will use as a secondary display.ġ. In Windows 10 or 11, go to Settings > System > Display. Step 3: Next, click on the View all optional updates link. Under the 'Multiple displays' section, use the drop-down menu to. Wait till Windows completes checking for updates. Under the 'Select and rearrange displays' section, select the monitor that you want to adjust. Step 2: Click on the Check for updates button. Step 1: Go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update page. (A big shout-out to Tom Ausburne for filling me in on an easy way to extend or duplicate your primary Windows 10 monitor to another Windows 10 device!) The quick answer is to use the Microsoft “Connect” app that is already installed on Windows 10 devices along with the Project option that shows up in the Windows Notification Center (Win + P). Update the display driver via Windows Update in Windows 10. 2 Click/tap on Display on the left side, and click/tap on the Advanced scaling settings link under Scale and layout on the right side. 1 Open Settings, and click/tap on the System icon. This option is only available starting with Windows 10 build 15019. A quick search of Bing, did not provide the results I was looking for, but an email to another very smart PFE led me to a solution. To Set Custom DPI Scaling Level for All Displays in Settings. ![]() If you have more than one monitor hooked up, you will see a visual. To quickly access it, right-click on Windows 10s desktop and select 'Display settings.' Alternately, you can open the Settings app by pressing Windows+i. ![]() Well, it looks like our friends in the Windows Product Group have our backs. To set up the arrangement of your monitors, youll need to head to the Display settings page. It only makes sense, right? I promise to keep this article sweet and to the point. I had never thought about this before, so figured I would see if I could figure it out. I was recently working with a customer and they asked me if it was possible to use a Surface Pro or Surface Go as a secondary monitor. It is Mike “Cannonball” Kullish back in only my second post, so please be gentle. ![]() ![]() ![]() Between the surfaces, in the cavities, the exposure to radiation can be evaluated using the Fluence Rate feature. These features are available for 2D, 2D axisymmetric, and 3D geometries. ![]() The Heat Transfer Module provides features for modeling surface-to-surface radiation on diffuse surfaces, mixed diffuse-specular surfaces, and semitransparent layers. Moreover, the Thermal Connection multiphysics couplings can be used to define a continuity condition between two temperature fields, computed by a domain heat transfer interface and a Heat Transfer in Shells interface, respectively. The layered material functionality is included in the AC/DC Module and the Structural Mechanics Module, making it possible to include multiphysics couplings like electromagnetic heating or thermal expansion on layered materials. You can visualize the results in thin, layered structures as if they were originally modeled as 3D solids. The layered material technology includes preprocessing tools for detailed layered material definition, load/save of layered structure configurations from/to a file, and layer preview features. Finally, the general model provides a highly accurate and universal model, as it embeds the complete heat equations. Conversely, the thermally thick layer model can represent poorly conducting materials that act as a thermal resistance in the shell's perpendicular direction this model computes the temperature difference between the two layer sides. This functionality is available for thin layers, shells, thin films, and fractures.įor individual layers, the thermally thin layer model is used for highly conductive materials with heat transfer tangential to the layer and negligible temperature difference on either side of the layer. ![]() For heat transfer in thin layers, the Heat Transfer Module provides individual layer models and layered material technology, to investigate heat transfer in layers that are geometrically much smaller than the rest of a model. ![]() ![]() That you run Viscosity as administrator.In order for this to work properly, please make sure of the following: In effect, this script tells Windows to set your network adapter to “Disabled” when the VPN connection is lost, which in turn terminates your Internet connection. n "cmd /K netsh interface set interface name='Ethernet' admin=disabled" Set objShell = WScript.CreateObject ("WScript.shell") Just like before, you should go to Disconnected Scripts and enter the following script: In order for you to stay protected, we want to prevent this from happening using another *Disconnected Script”. Usually, Windows will use the ordinary adapter if you lose your VPN connection. This fully prevents your real IP address from being shown in the case of you losing your VPN connection. (3.) Terminate your Internet connection if your VPN connection is lost. Once you’ve chosen which applications to be closed when the VPN connection is lost, save the file as “OVPN-avsluta.vbs”. ![]() Note that you can specify several applications here. You don’t need to worry about the code here except for this line:Īs this is the line specifying which application that should be closed if and when you lose your VPN connection. ("SELECT commandline FROM Win32_Process WHERE commandline LIKE '%" & Process & "%'") Set colProcess = objWMIService.ExecQuery _ Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _ StrProcessKill = array("notepad.exe", "utorrent.exe", "vuze.exe") We’ve provided a script for this purpose that will run if you lose your VPN connection: Dim objWMIService, objProcess, colProcess In order to accomplish this, you need to right-click on the connection you want to run the exit script for and choose “Edit.” Then click the “Advanced” tab and choose to add script within Disconnected Script. You can set this up for virtually any application, but perhaps the most common use of this feature is for a torrent client. One of the best features of Viscosity is that you can choose to run certain scripts if your VPN connection is temporarily lost or terminated. (2.) Exit specified applications if the VPN connection is terminated. ![]() In order to automatically connect to a server when running Viscosity, find the connection you want to edit and right-click on it and choose "Edit." Then check the box called “Connect when Viscosity opens,” which can be found on the bottom of the page. The settings should be as the picture below: You’ll do this by setting up “Start Viscosity at login” and “Reconnect active connections on wake”. You can also customize Viscosity so that it connects to the most recently used server. You can configure Viscosity to run on login or computer startup. Remember to let all your traffic go through the VPN connection! Go to the “Networking" tab and check the box called "Send all traffic over VPN connection." (1.) Run Viscosity on login. If you wish, you can import all OVPN configuration files and change the file names to the name of the server that uses it. Just click the plus sign in the lower-left corner and choose “Import connection” >” From file…” and then choose your OVPN configuration file. If you want to connect to OVPN, it’s recommended that you download all available configuration files from us. You should also make sure you’ve downloaded our configuration files and have them ready. However, the same functionalities can be set up for macOS.Īfter completing the installation process, you simply run Viscosity and make sure that you don’t have another VPN client running at the same time. Note that this guide has been dedicated to using Viscosity on Windows). You can choose to download the client for Mac or Windows depending on your OS. You can find the download link on their official website. I will show you how you can shut down applications if the VPN connection should stop working, how you can simply import several configuration files, and lastly how to prevent data leakages.įirst of all, you need to download the Viscosity client. ![]() ![]() This guide will explain how you can get the maximum utility of the features that Viscosity has to offer. If you are not convinced, you can always use it for a trial period of 30 days to test it without any commitment. However, we definitely think it’s worth it. Viscosity is an OpenVPN client for macOS and Windows offering many user-friendly functionalities. ![]() ![]() ![]() Installing wall materials at an angle with tie-back reinforcementsĪ retaining wall can be 3' to 6' high. ![]() Leveling and compacting soil to create terraces Building a sloped-backyard retaining wall costs up to twice as much in labor due to: Installing large concrete retaining wall blocks costs $60 to $270 per linear foot.Ĭost of building a retaining wall on a slopeīuilding a retaining wall on a slope costs $25 to $100 per square foot. Large retaining wall block prices are $25 to $100 per block for materials. Interlocking retaining wall blocks prices are $2 to $10 per block for materials or $45 to $210 per linear foot installed. *All prices excluding installation labor. Retaining wall blocks price list Material ![]() Prices vary by location, wall type, construction method, and complexity. The labor cost for building a retaining wall is $40 to $80 per hour or $10 to $30 per square foot. Waterproofing – Sealing walls costs $2 to $10 per square foot. Land survey – A property line survey costs $200 to $1,200. Landscaping fabric – Landscaping fabric costs $0.30 to $1.00 per square foot to lay behind the retaining wall. Landscaping – Landscaping costs $50 to $100 per hour for additional yard work or repairs. Planning – Retaining wall engineering design plans cost $100 to $220 per hour from a structural engineer or landscape architect. Permits – A permit costs $50 to $450 on average, depending on the wall type, size, and location. Site access – Working on slopes, hard-to-access sites, limited access for heavy machinery, and removing gates increases labor time.īackfill – Additional fill dirt costs $150 to $600 per truckload delivered or $15 to $50 per yard.ĭelivery – Stone, brick, or concrete block delivery costs $30 to $100 per truckload on average.ĭrainage – Installing a drainage system costs $10 to $30 per linear foot to prevent flooding and erosion. Location – Labor costs are typically higher in metropolitan areas. Building codes often require rebar to strengthen a wall against earthquakes. Reinforcements – Adding steel rebar costs $2.50 to $5.00+ per square foot extra. Tree removal costs $300 to $700 per tree.Įxcavation – Removing old retaining walls and dirt costs $125 to $225 per cubic yard, including disposal.įoundation – Concrete footings cost $18 to $55 per linear foot, depending on the wall type, size, depth, and soil conditions. Land grading costs $0.40 to $2.00 per square foot. Land clearing costs $1,500 to $3,000 per acre for difficult terrain. Size – Taller, longer, and thicker walls need stronger foundations and additional reinforcements than basic garden walls.ĭesign – Complex walls with curves, steps, openings, and other designs increase labor time. The cost to install a retaining wall depends on site conditions and many other cost factors: Requires space for installation with heavy machinery Galvanized or vinyl-coated steel types for wet climates and coastal areas Sheet-pile walls are the thinnest wall type, made of steel, and have concrete or wood caps on top. A sheet-piling retaining wall costs $15 to $50 per square foot installed. ![]() |
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